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Under the combined action of organic acid atmosphere and SO2 pollutant, the copper matrix exhibits complex corrosion behavior. The corrosion products are agglomerated with each other and even connected with each other in acetic acid atmosphere to form a sheet structure and constitute a new rust layer. In electrochemical tests, it was found that compared with the same concentration of organic acid atmosphere, the material showed a more serious corrosion tendency after adding Na2SO4. The self-corrosion current density is much higher than that of the experimental group without adding Na2SO4, and the charge transfer resistance is also much lower than that of the experimental group without adding Na2SO4. The concentration of organic acids in the atmosphere and the concentration of pollutants in the solution are also important influencing factors. With the increase of the concentration of the two, the material matrix will suffer more serious corrosion damage. In addition, because of its strong acidity, formic acid is easier to ionize H+ in the corrosive medium, thus showing a stronger corrosion ability than acetic acid under the same conditions. TP2 copper workpieces will inevitably encounter the erosion of harmful gases such as organic acids and SO2 in the industrial environment. How to effectively isolate or reduce the impact of these corrosion factors on the material and improve the service life of the material is a direction worth continuing research.

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Copper alloy for electronic equipment applications

The application of copper alloy in electronic equipment is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Resistors: CuMn12Ni, CuNi1.5Si and other copper alloys are widely used in the manufacture of resistors. Because of its low temperature coefficient and high stability, CuMn12Ni alloy is especially suitable for manufacturing high-precision resistors, and is widely used in measuring instruments and scientific research fields. The CuNi1.5Si alloy is often used to manufacture low resistance resistors because of its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.

Electronic connectors: CR025A Cu-DXP copper alloy is used for electronic connectors, especially for electric vacuum devices such as high frequency and UHF transmitting tubes and waveguides, which require high purity oxygen-free copper and diffusion-strengthened oxygen-free copper.

Sensors: CuNi1.5Si alloys are widely used in the manufacture of sensors, especially those operating in complex environments, due to their excellent electrical properties and corrosion resistance.

Printed circuit: Copper foil is the main material of printed circuit, with good electrical conductivity and processing performance, widely used in radio, television, computer and other equipment.

Advantages of copper alloy in electronic equipment:

Electrical and thermal conductivity: Copper alloy has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity properties, which can meet the needs of electronic equipment for current transmission and heat dissipation.

Mechanical properties: Copper alloy has good mechanical properties, including strength, hardness and wear resistance, and can withstand the mechanical stress of equipment operation.

Corrosion resistance: Some copper alloys such as CuNi1.5Si have excellent corrosion resistance and can maintain stable performance in wet or harsh environments.

Weldability: Copper alloy has good weldability and is easy to connect with other metal materials to ensure the reliability of electrical connections.

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Application of copper alloy in construction industry
Copper alloys have many uses in the construction industry

First, copper alloys are mainly used in the construction industry to make roofs, exterior walls and plumbing systems. Copper sheets and pipes are often used in roofs, exterior walls and piping systems of high-end buildings due to their corrosion resistance and aesthetics. 1 In addition, copper alloys such as brass and bronze are often used for doors and Windows, handrails and decorations due to their good mechanical properties and decorative properties. 1 The use of copper alloys in the construction industry has been recognized as a key factor in the development of the construction industry and a key factor in the development of the construction industry.

Second, specific examples of copper alloys used in the construction industry include:

Copper sheets and pipes: Commonly used in building roofs, exterior walls, and plumbing systems, are favored for their corrosion resistance and aesthetics.

Brass and bronze: Used for doors, Windows, handrails and decorative items, with good mechanical properties and decoration.

Finally, the advantages of copper alloys in the construction industry include:

Corrosion resistance: Copper and its alloys have good corrosion resistance and can be used in various environments for a long time without damage.

Aesthetics: Copper and its alloys have beautiful appearance and are suitable for decoration in high-end buildings.

Mechanical properties: Brass, bronze and other copper alloys have good mechanical properties, suitable for the production of various building components.

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Application of copper alloy in new energy vehicles
It is mainly reflected in the following aspects

Supercharging solution: Bowei Alloy provides a series of high-performance alloy materials such as copper tellurium and copper zirconium, which have been applied in batches to the super charging system of new energy vehicles, mainly for high current carrying and charging safety, which can meet the needs of fast charging and high safety.

High conductivity, high stress relaxation series copper alloy solutions: Bowei Alloy has developed a variety of copper alloy solutions for the high strength, high conductivity and high reliability needs of new energy vehicles. Such as boway 18160 copper chromium zirconium alloy, with excellent electrical conductivity and high temperature resistance, suitable for fish eye terminals, high voltage connector terminals, at 150 ° C or even 180 ° C environment can still maintain high performance.

Other applications: Copper alloy is also widely used in new energy vehicle PDU terminals, power system bus and other components, such as Bowe 15100 copper zirconium alloy can still maintain excellent stress relaxation resistance at 180 ° C high temperature, and the material strength reaches more than 400MPa, meeting the needs of new energy vehicle PDU terminals.

Specific application scenarios and material characteristics of copper alloy in new energy vehicles:

Electrical conductivity: The electrical conductivity of copper alloy is one of its important properties, and the alloy elements, temperature and cold working conditions will affect the electrical conductivity of the material. For example, the conductivity of boway 18160 copper-chromium-zirconium alloy can reach more than 82%IACS.

Yield strength: The yield strength of a material is critical to its performance in high current conduction and high reliability applications. For example, the boway 15100 copper-zirconium alloy has a yield strength of 400 MPa or higher.

Thermal stress relaxation: at high temperatures, the thermal stress relaxation performance of the material has a direct impact on its service life, such as boway 18160 copper chromium-zirconium alloy at 150℃ or even 180℃ application environment, showing excellent stress relaxation resistance.

Advantages and application prospects of copper alloy in new energy vehicles:

High performance: Copper alloy has high conductivity, high strength and excellent thermal stress relaxation performance, which can meet the high requirements of materials for new energy vehicles.

Widely used: Copper alloys are widely used in key components of new energy vehicles such as super charging systems, PDU terminals, and power system bus bars, significantly improving vehicle performance and safety.

Copper alloy in the semiconductor industry specific application cases

Precision copper strip products: In semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing, precision copper strip products are mainly used for conductive interconnection and thermal heat dissipation to ensure stable circuit operation and efficient heat dissipation.

Lead frame: Copper alloy lead frame plays a key structural role in chip manufacturing, connecting the internal circuit of the chip with the external wire to ensure the stable transmission of electrical signals.

High-end copper alloy: There is an increasing demand for high-end copper alloys in 5G communications, intelligent terminals and equipment, and with its excellent physical and chemical properties, it has become an indispensable material in these fields.

The importance of copper alloys in the semiconductor industry is reflected in its superior physical and chemical properties. Copper alloys have good electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and corrosion resistance, which give them significant advantages in high-speed electronic signal transmission, thermal management, and device miniaturization and lightweight. With the continuous progress of semiconductor technology, the demand for copper alloys will further increase, promoting its application and development in more fields.

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Copper flat bar

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Copper alloy precision instrument application
The application of copper alloy in precision instruments is mainly reflected in its excellent physical and chemical properties.

Copper alloys are excellent in the manufacture of precision instruments because of their high strength, high elastic modulus and excellent wear resistance. For example, C5212 tin bronze has excellent wear resistance due to its high tin content, and excellent electrical conductivity due to its high copper content, making it widely used in the manufacture of mechanical equipment, ships, auto parts, precision instruments, electronic equipment, aerospace equipment and other fields.

In addition, the cutting properties of copper alloy also make it an ideal material for precision instruments and standard parts processing. For example, C3710 copper alloy, due to the addition of lead, improves cutting performance, can ensure the size and surface quality of high-precision machining, so it is excellent in the manufacture of screws, nuts and instrument parts.

Examples of specific applications of copper alloys in precision instruments include:

Mechanical equipment: Copper alloy has the characteristics of high strength, wear resistance, high load resistance, deformation and distortion resistance, etc., which has a good application prospect in the manufacture of mechanical equipment.

Auto parts: Because of its excellent physical properties, copper alloy is widely used in automobile manufacturing, such as the production of joints, pipe joints and other key parts to ensure the tightness and durability of the system.

Electronic equipment: Because copper alloy has good electrical conductivity, it is also widely used in electronic equipment, such as connectors, wires and so on.

Aerospace equipment: The high strength and stiffness of copper alloys make it also play an important role in aerospace equipment, able to withstand the pressure of extreme environments.

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Copper alloy petrochemical applications
The application of copper alloy in petrochemical field mainly has the following aspects

The application of copper alloy in the field of petrochemical industry mainly has the following aspects:

C71640 White copper alloy: This alloy is mainly used in the petrochemical industry to manufacture corrosion resistant pipes and joints. Due to its excellent corrosion resistance, C71640 white copper alloy can be used in high salt environments for a long time, significantly increasing the service life of the facility and reducing maintenance costs.

Explosion-proof copper alloy: explosion-proof copper alloy commonly used materials are beryllium bronze, aluminum bronze, etc., with explosion-proof, no spark and other characteristics, very suitable for use in explosive, flammable, strong magnetic, corrosive environment. For example, explosion-proof tools and equipment in the petrochemical industry can prevent sparks from impact or friction, thus ensuring production safety.

Monel400 nickel-copper alloy: This alloy is also widely used in the petrochemical industry. Due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, Monel400 alloy is often used in the manufacture of corrosive gas pipes, trays, heat exchanger tubes and other equipment. In addition, its resistance to oxidation and thermal corrosion at high temperatures makes it ideal for the oil and gas industry.

Examples of specific applications of copper alloys in petrochemical fields:

C71640 White Copper alloy: On offshore oil and gas platforms, C71640 white copper alloy is used to manufacture corrosion-resistant pipes and fittings, significantly increasing the service life of facilities and reducing maintenance costs.

Explosion-proof copper alloy: In the petrochemical industry, explosion-proof copper alloy is used to manufacture explosion-proof tools and equipment to prevent sparks from impact or friction and ensure production safety.

Monel400 nickel copper alloy: In the field of petrochemical, Monel400 alloy is used to manufacture corrosive gas pipes, trays, heat exchanger tubes and other equipment, and its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties make it an ideal material in this field.

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Copper alloys in aerospace
Copper alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry, including the following fields

Copper alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry, including:

Electrical systems: Due to their excellent electrical conductivity, copper alloys are often used in the manufacture of wires, cables, connectors and busbars to ensure efficient power transmission and distribution.

Thermal management: Copper alloys have good thermal conductivity and are therefore widely used in the manufacture of radiators, heat exchangers and cooling pipes to help dissipate heat generated by electronics on aircraft and spacecraft.

Sliding parts: The self-lubricating properties and wear resistance of copper alloys make them excellent in sliding parts such as bearings and bushings, helping to reduce friction and wear and improve component life and reliability.

Sensors and instruments: Copper alloys are less sensitive to temperature changes and more stable, so they are often used in the manufacture of certain high-precision sensors and instrument components.

Engine components: Some engine components use copper alloys to withstand high temperature and high pressure operating environments.

Electromagnetic shielding: Copper alloys can effectively block electromagnetic interference and protect sensitive electronic equipment and communication systems.

Structural components: Certain copper alloys have high strength and corrosion resistance and can be used to manufacture structural components for aircraft and spacecraft.

Advantages of copper alloys in aerospace applications include:

Lightweight: The relatively low density of copper alloys helps reduce aircraft weight and improve fuel efficiency.

Wear resistance: Some copper alloys such as C2720 have good wear resistance, which can reduce wear losses.

Corrosion resistance: such as C95500 copper alloy has good corrosion resistance, can resist the erosion of fuel, liquid oxygen and other corrosive media, extend the service life of the material.

High temperature strength: Some copper alloys can maintain high strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures, and are suitable for high temperature working environments.

Examples of specific applications include:

C95500 copper alloy: Commonly used in the manufacture of fuel pipelines, containers and sensors and other components, due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, suitable for high temperature and corrosive environments.

CW112C copper alloy: with excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, it is widely used in aerospace, automotive and electronic fields, such as aircraft parts, engine blades, etc.

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Copper alloys for automotive applications
Copper alloy is widely used in the automotive industry, mainly for automotive water tank (radiator), engine parts, electrical equipment and other parts.

Specific application of copper alloy in automobile industry

Automobile water tank (radiator) : Copper and copper alloy are widely used in the manufacture of automobile water tank (radiator) because of their good thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and moderate mechanical properties. Copper strip is mainly used in the automotive industry for automotive water tanks, and its production and development are closely related to the automotive and water tank industry.

Engine parts: Copper alloys also have important applications in the manufacture and maintenance of engines, such as bearing bushings, pipes, nuts, joints, etc.

Electrical equipment: Brass parts in instruments in electrical equipment, hubcaps, chrome-plated brass parts, etc., also make extensive use of copper and copper alloys.

The importance of copper alloys in the automotive industry

The importance of copper alloy in the automotive industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance: Copper alloy has good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, can effectively heat dissipation, prevent corrosion, to ensure the long-term stable operation of auto parts.

Mechanical properties and processing properties: Copper alloy has moderate mechanical properties and is easy to process and form, which is suitable for manufacturing various auto parts.

Historical consumption: Although the total consumption of copper has not decreased with the increase in automobile production, the consumption of copper and copper alloys in automobile manufacturing still occupies an important position.

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Copper alloys in the power industry
The application of copper alloys in the electric power industry is mainly known for its excellent physical and chemical properties.

The application of copper alloy in the power industry mainly benefits from its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance. For example, the C63000 copper alloy is composed of copper, zinc and aluminum, and has excellent electrical conductivity, which is close to that of pure copper, ensuring high efficiency of power transmission. In addition, C63000 copper alloy also has a high mechanical strength and structural stability, can still maintain the shape under high loads, to ensure the long-term reliable operation of the transmission line. Its corrosion and weather resistance also enable stable operation in harsh environments.

Specific applications of copper alloys in the power industry include important components such as high-voltage transmission lines, power transformers and distribution equipment. These applications require not only materials with high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, but also good corrosion and weather resistance. The high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical properties of the c63000 copper alloy can improve power transmission efficiency, reduce energy loss, and improve system reliability.

The importance of copper alloys in the power industry also lies in their ability to reduce energy losses and improve system reliability. For example, high-voltage transmission lines and power transformers manufactured with C63000 copper alloys can significantly improve the efficiency of power transmission and reduce energy losses, thus reducing operating costs. In addition, the corrosion and weather resistance of the copper alloy ensure the long-term stability of the transmission equipment in various climatic conditions.

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